South India Gripped by Severe Heatwaves: Causes, Impact, and Safety Measures

As we progress through April, South India is experiencing unprecedented heatwaves, with temperatures soaring to new highs. From the tech city of Bengaluru registering a sweltering 37.2°C, to the agricultural heartlands of Telangana where mercury has touched a scorching 43.5°C, the intensity of this year's heat is palpable. Metropolitan Chennai is bracing for temperatures over 40°C, while Kerala and Andhra Pradesh are also feeling the scorching effects. The need for heightened precautions is more urgent than ever.

The Surge in Temperatures

Despite its proximity to the coastline, which typically moderates temperatures, South India is witnessing an intense heat build-up. The primary reasons for this exceptional heat include:

1. Delayed Monsoon and Low Pre-Monsoon Showers: The delay in the onset of the monsoon and significantly lower pre-monsoon showers have contributed to the rising temperatures. The lack of adequate rainfall during the expected periods leads to prolonged dry spells, thereby heating up the land mass.

2. High Humidity Levels: Coastal areas, despite being breezy, are experiencing high humidity levels. This humidity traps the heat and prevents the environment from cooling effectively during the night, resulting in higher minimum temperatures – a phenomenon known as the 'urban heat island effect'.

3. Deforestation and Urbanization: Increased urbanization and deforestation in states like Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh have led to lesser green cover. Trees and plants play a crucial role in cooling the environment by providing shade and releasing moisture into the air. The reduction in green cover not only leads to higher temperatures but also exacerbates the heat retention in urban areas.

4. Global Climate Change: The overarching impact of global warming cannot be overlooked. The increase in global temperatures has led to more intense and frequent heatwaves across the world, including India.

Impact of the Heatwave

The heatwave has had severe repercussions on the health and livelihoods of people across South India. Karnataka has reported a worrying increase in heatstroke cases with 521 suspected incidents and two fatalities since the beginning of March. Districts like Chikkaballapura, Bagalkot, Chitradurga, and Mandya are the worst affected.

The heat not only poses a direct risk of heatstroke but also affects daily activities, with many finding it difficult to work or move outdoors during peak hours. This is especially true for agricultural workers, street vendors, and construction workers who are exposed to direct sunlight.

Safety Measures and Precautions

In light of these extreme conditions, it is crucial to take appropriate safety measures:

- Stay Hydrated: Increase fluid intake, regardless of your activity level. Don’t wait until you're thirsty to drink more fluids.

- Avoid Going Out: Stay indoors during the hottest part of the day, usually from 11 AM to 3 PM.

- Wear Appropriate Clothing: Light-colored, loose-fitting clothing helps keep the body cool.

- Use Sunscreen: A sun protection factor (SPF) of at least 15 helps protect against the harmful effects of the sun.

- Look Out for Heat Stroke Signs: Know the signs of heatstroke, which include high body temperature, confusion, altered mental states, and cessation of sweating. Seek immediate medical help if heat stroke is suspected.

The current heatwave is a stark reminder of our vulnerability to climate extremes. As South India battles these severe temperatures, it's imperative to recognize the signs of heat-related illnesses and take preventive measures seriously. Simultaneously, this crisis should serve as a call to action for more robust climate resilience and adaptation strategies at both local and national levels.a